Evidence of a science gender gap has been provided by research evaluating the population of professionals in the academic fields of science and engineering, as well as surveys and polls focusing on students’ perceptions of these subjects. Research has generally supported the conclusion that there are no biological, neurological, or genetic factors at work in the creation of scientific gender disparity. Rather, a combination of elements combine to make it more difficult for women to train for and maintain a high-achieving scientific career. These factors include social stigma of the sciences as “masculine”, institutional bias in the scientific community, and pressures related to starting a family.
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